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Kimberlites are ultrabasic potassic rocks comprising megacrysts of olivine, chrome diopside, phlogopite, garnet and enstatite in a fine-grained matrix of the same silicates plus carbonates and serpentine. The main opaque phases are ilmenite-geikielite, chromian spinels and chromite; they are found both within the groundmass and as megacrysts. Ilmenite is characteristically magnesium-rich, with a high geikielite component, and occurs as xenocrysts or is intergrown with magnetite or rutile ± armalcolite. Minor phases include rutile, magnetite, perovskite, armalcolite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, heazlewoodite and native metals. Magnesium-rich ilmenites have lower reflectances than iron-rich ones. (Haggerty, 1976b; Dawson, 1980)

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What are diamonds made of? How are they related to volcanism? What are indicator minerals?

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